Achalasia is a rare disorder that affects the passage of food and liquid from the swallowing tube (esophagus) to the stomach. Here are the key points:
Mechanism: In achalasia, damaged nerves in the esophagus lead to paralysis and dilation of the esophagus over time. Consequently, the esophagus loses its ability to propel food into the stomach. Food can accumulate in the esophagus, sometimes fermenting and causing a bitter taste. Unlike gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where material comes from the stomach, in achalasia, the issue arises from the esophagus.
Symptoms: Achalasia symptoms develop gradually and worsen over time. Common signs include:
- Inability to swallow (dysphagia), feeling like food or drink is stuck in the throat.
- Regurgitation of food or saliva.
- Heartburn.
- Belching.
- Intermittent chest pain.
- Nighttime coughing.
- Pneumonia (due to food aspiration into the lungs).
- Weight loss.
- Vomiting.
Causes: The exact cause of achalasia remains unclear. Researchers suspect it may involve a loss of nerve cells in the esophagus. While theories point to viral infections or autoimmune responses, very rarely, achalasia may result from an inherited genetic disorder or infection
