Diagnosing Pet Allergies
When you visit your doctor with concerns about possible pet allergies, they will likely start with an assessment of your symptoms and a physical examination, particularly of the nasal passages. A visual inspection using a lighted instrument can reveal if the nasal lining is inflamed or discolored, which are signs of an allergy.
Allergy Skin Test To pinpoint the specific allergen, your doctor might recommend a skin test, which could be conducted by an allergist. This involves applying small amounts of allergen extracts, including those from animals, to your skin, typically on the forearm or upper back, and observing for an allergic reaction.
If you’re allergic, a noticeable reaction, such as a red, itchy bump, will appear at the test site, usually within 15 minutes. Itching and redness are common but temporary side effects of this test.
Blood Test If a skin test isn’t viable due to skin conditions or medication interactions, a blood test may be ordered. This test checks for specific antibodies that react to allergens and can assess your sensitivity level to them.
Treatment Approaches The primary strategy for managing a pet allergy is to limit exposure to the animal as much as possible. By reducing contact with pet allergens, you can expect fewer and milder allergic reactions.
However, completely avoiding animal allergens can be challenging, as they can be carried on clothing and other materials. If avoidance isn’t enough, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms.
Medications for Allergy Relief Your healthcare provider may suggest the following medications to alleviate nasal allergy symptoms:
Antihistamines: These medications inhibit the immune system chemicals responsible for allergic reactions, easing symptoms like itching, sneezing, and a runny nose. Available as nasal sprays (e.g., azelastine and olopatadine) and tablets (e.g., fexofenadine, loratadine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, and desloratadine), some are over-the-counter, while others require a prescription.
Corticosteroids: Nasal sprays containing corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, mometasone, triamcinolone, and ciclesonide) can reduce inflammation and alleviate hay fever symptoms. These sprays offer a lower risk of side effects compared to oral corticosteroids.
Decongestants: These can decrease swelling in the nasal passages, improving breathing. They are available as combined antihistamine-decongestant tablets or as standalone nasal sprays. Oral decongestants may raise blood pressure and are not recommended for individuals with high blood pressure, glaucoma, or cardiovascular conditions. Prolonged use of decongestant sprays can lead to increased congestion.
Pet Allergy Management and Treatment Options
Leukotriene Modifiers These medications impede specific immune system chemicals. Montelukast (Singulair) may be prescribed if other treatments like corticosteroid nasal sprays or antihistamines are unsuitable. Side effects can include respiratory infections, headaches, and fever, with rarer instances of mood changes such as anxiety or depression.
Additional Treatments
Immunotherapy: This approach “reprograms” your immune system to be less reactive to allergens through a series of injections. Initially, you receive weekly shots with minute allergen amounts, which are gradually increased over 4 to 6 months. Maintenance doses continue every four weeks for 3 to 5 years. Immunotherapy is considered when other treatments are ineffective.
Nasal Irrigation: Utilizing a neti pot or a squeeze bottle, you can cleanse your sinuses with a saline solution to remove mucus and irritants. Ensure the water used is free of contaminants, and always clean the device after use.
Self-Care Strategies The most effective way to manage pet allergies is to avoid contact with pets. However, if parting with a pet is not an option, consider these measures:
For a Pet-Free Home:
- Cleaning: Have someone without allergies deep clean the home.
- Furniture: Replace or relocate upholstered furniture.
- Flooring: Consider replacing carpets with hard flooring.
- Bedding: Use new bedding and allergen-proof covers for mattresses.
- Air Filtration: Install HEPA filters in air ducts and use HEPA vacuum bags.
If Keeping Your Pet:
- Bathing: Have the pet bathed weekly by someone without allergies.
- Pet-Free Zones: Designate certain areas, like bedrooms, as pet-free.
- Furnishings: Opt for easy-to-clean furniture and flooring.
- Cleaning Assistance: Get help from non-allergic individuals for pet-related cleaning tasks.
Strategies for Managing Pet Allergies and Preparing for a Doctor’s Appointment
Reducing Airborne Allergens
- Utilize HEPA air purifiers and vent filters to decrease airborne pet allergens.
- Consider keeping your pet outdoors if it’s suitable for the pet’s well-being and local climate, as this can significantly reduce allergens inside your home.
Preparing for Your Doctor’s Visit
- Document any symptoms you’re experiencing, even if they don’t seem related to allergies.
- Record your family’s history of allergies and asthma, noting specific types if known.
- Compile a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you’re currently taking.
- Inquire with your doctor about whether you should discontinue any medications before allergy testing.
Questions for Your Doctor
- What could be causing my symptoms?
- Are there other potential causes?
- Do I need to undergo allergy testing?
- Should I consult with an allergy specialist?
- What treatments would you recommend?
- How can I manage my allergies alongside other health conditions?
- Is it possible to keep my pet despite having allergies?
- What home modifications can help reduce symptoms?
- Are there generic alternatives to the medications you’re prescribing?
- Can you provide any informational materials or recommend informative websites?
Anticipating Your Doctor’s Inquiries
- Be prepared to discuss when your symptoms started and their daily patterns.
- Note if symptoms are exacerbated in specific areas of your home or in the presence of pets.
- Share any self-care methods you’ve tried and their effectiveness.
- Be ready to identify factors that seem to aggravate your symptoms.
Addressing Asthma and Allergies
- If you have asthma, consider that allergies might be playing a role in its management.
- Recognize that pet allergies can be a year-round issue, unlike seasonal pollen allergies.
- Be aware that pet allergens can be encountered in various environments, not just at home.
Interim Measures
- Reduce pet exposure by keeping them out of bedrooms and away from furniture.
- Practice good hygiene, such as washing hands after pet contact, to minimize allergen transfer.
