Bartholin’s Cyst: An Overview
The Bartholin’s glands, situated on each side of the vaginal opening, play a crucial role in secreting fluid that lubricates the vagina. However, sometimes these gland openings become obstructed, leading to the accumulation of fluid within the gland. This results in a relatively painless swelling known as a Bartholin’s cyst. If the fluid within the cyst becomes infected, it can transform into an abscess, characterized by a collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.
Common Occurrence and Treatment
Bartholin’s cysts or abscesses are quite common. The appropriate treatment depends on factors such as the cyst’s size, pain level, and whether it is infected. In some cases, home treatment suffices. However, surgical drainage may be necessary for larger cysts. If infection occurs, antibiotics can effectively treat the infected Bartholin’s cyst.
Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Attention
- Small, Noninfected Cyst: A small, noninfected Bartholin’s cyst may go unnoticed. As it grows, you might feel a lump near the vaginal opening, although it is usually painless.
- Infected Cyst: An infected Bartholin’s cyst can escalate rapidly. Symptoms may include:
- Tender, painful lump near the vaginal opening
- Discomfort while walking or sitting
- Pain during intercourse
- Fever
If you experience a painful lump near your vaginal opening that doesn’t improve with self-care (such as warm water soaks), consult your doctor promptly. Severe pain warrants an immediate appointment. Additionally, if you discover a new lump and are over 40 years old, seek medical attention, as it could be a sign of a more serious issue, such as cancer.
Causes and Infection Risk
Experts attribute Bartholin’s cysts to fluid backup. When the gland’s opening (duct) becomes obstructed—possibly due to infection or injury—fluid accumulates. In some cases, the cyst becomes infected, leading to an abscess. Various bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and those responsible for sexually transmitted infections (such as gonorrhea and chlamydia), can cause this infection.
Complications and Prevention
Bartholin’s cysts or abscesses may recur, necessitating further treatment. Unfortunately, there is no foolproof way to prevent these cysts. However, practicing safer sex (including condom use) and maintaining good hygiene can reduce the risk of infection and abscess formation.
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